نشریه طب کار
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، تابستان 1397)

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of life satisfaction, which affects on mental health and the level of life satisfaction of couples. Therefore identify factors affecting marital satisfaction is necessary. The aim of present study is investigating the role of shift work tolerance and job stress as predictions of marital satisfaction. In this descriptive correlational study, the population is all martial firefighters in Mashhad city (N=780) in 2017. 258 firefighters were selected by stratified random sampling method. Participants were measured by using Survey of Shiftworkers (Barton et al., 1995), job stress (Rice, 1992) and marital satisfaction questionnaires (Olson, 1989). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis by SPSS-22 software. Findings indicate that correlation coefficients between shift work tolerance (r = 0.629) and job stress (r = - 0.695) with marital satisfaction were significant (P<0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that job stress and shift work tolerance can predict the marital satisfaction (R2=0.514, p<0.0001). The results show importance job stress and shift work tolerance as strong predictions of marital satisfaction. So providing the needed conditions for reducing job stress and increasing the shift work tolerance of firefighters is recommended to increase marital satisfaction and subsequently their efficiency and life satisfaction

Thermal stress and high physical activity reduce blood flow to the brain and decrease the mental performance of individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Heat stress on vital factors and cognitive function of Workers of Sarcheshmeh copper in Kerman. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on fifty-six Workers of Sarcheshmeh Copper smelter in 2018. First, the environmental parameters and WBGT index were measured in the work environment of the staff in accordance with ISO7243. Then, in three stages (initial shift, mid shift and end of shift), vital factors (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and cognitive function (CPT and N-back tests) were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. In this industry, the average vital factors of Workers at work stations were significantly different at different stages of activity (p <0.05). There was no significant correlation between WBGT index with heart rate and body temperature (p >0.05), and this relationship was significant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean cognitive functions of staff in CPT and N-Back tests in different stages of activity (p <0.05). Heat Stress Affect physiological responses and decrease mental function of individuals. Physiological parameters during activity are increased at the beginning and the end of activity, and the cognitive functions of the Workers at the end of activity are less than their cognitive performance during and after the work activity

Respiratory diseases are one of the most common occupational diseases in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the time of development of pulmonary restrictive patterns in the workers' spirometry in Yazd tile using interval-censored survival analysis. This was a historical cohort study, which was performed on 596 male tile industry workers in Yazd Province. All cases were recruited from those who admitted for annual periodic medical checkup since 2008 to 2013 without restrictive pulmonary disorder and follow up regarding restrictive pulmonary disorder at Occupational Medicine Clinic in Yazd Province. Data analysis was performed by R statistical software (version 3.2.3) using interval-censored survival data. To investigate the effect of variables for univariate and multivariate regression models, complete parameter was used. Akaike's criterion was used to compare the efficiency criterion parametric models. Working unit in the multivariate analysis was an effective factor in the diagnosis of pulmonary restrictivedisorder in the workers (p<0.05). Employment in the crusher unit in comparison with ballmillunit reduced the risk of development of pulmonary restrictive disorder by 15%. Working in the other units reduced the risk of development of pulmonary restrictive disorder by 18% in these workers. Log-logistic model was the best fitted parametric model to the data according to Akaike's criterion

Fork-lifts are considered as one of the main sources of vibration at workplaces. Due to importance of the risks from exposure to vibration, the present study was aimed to investigate health risk due to exposure of fork-lift drivers to whole body vibration at two position with load and without load in an Automobile industry. In this cross sectional study, the evaluation of whole body vibration exposure according to standard ISO 2631-1: 1997 was done for 33 drivers of fork-lift truck. All measurements were performed using 3-axis accelerometer in sitting position of operators on the move forklift for 20 minutes. Then, the effect of load on vibration exposure and health risk was determined by SPSS software (Version16.0) and the paired-samples t-test. The frequency-weighted r.m.s acceleration values for x, y, and z direction (m/s2) in the “without load” condition were 0.0038, 0.63 and 0.93 m/s2, respectively, and in the “with load” was equal to 0.0027, 0.51, and 0.98 m/s2. The dominant direction of the r.m.s acceleration in both states was the z-axis. There was no statistically significant difference between the acceleration of the dominant axis and the 8-hour equivalent values in both with and without load (P>0.05). The evaluation of the dominant axis and 8-hour equivalent acceleration showed that in both states, the exposure values were higher than the daily exposure limit value. Moving forklift with load reduced the vibration exposure values in two x, y direction, but did not effect on the z axis and the resulting health risk.

Cleaners make up a considerable part of workers in the worldwide and they perform their services as activities in home environment, industry, and work in hospitals and so on. Studies show that cleaning products contain a mixture of chemicals that many of them may affect health of the workers during be exposed to the breathing. So this study investigated the effects of these materials on a group of cleaners.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 120 of cleaners in Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Data is collected using Persian Saint George Respiratory questionnaire and spirometery was performed once. Each spirogyra’s interpretation was based on the ATS criteria .The results analyzed using SPSS15 and chi square test and t test.

Results show that between 80 cleaners who had inclusion criteria, 36.3%(29 patients) had respiratory symptoms in the workplace .The prevalence of respiratory symptoms, including: Shortness of breath 22/5% (n = 18), cough, 18/8% (n = 15), sputum 6/3% (5 patients), and wheezing 2/5% (2 people).The most common view of Spirometry is normal and probably normal (79/7%). Contact with acids and bases increase risk of respiratory symptoms in cleaner(3/71 fold). Spirometery view in contact to detergents or acids and bases has no significant relation.

The research shows that a third of patients had respiratory symptoms, So it is required that in review the respiratory system of employers in addition to use spirometric interpretation, the results of clinical signs and respiratory complaints should be considered to diagnosis

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major causes of discomfort and disability among farmers. Among of the ergonomic evaluation methods, PATH method is one of the recommended ergonomic evaluation methods for farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risk assessment in fig orchard workers. The study was conducted descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional on fig orchards workers. Nordic and Demographic questionnaire was used to prevalence determine of musculoskeletal disorders. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the means. The results showed that age mean of the workers was 47.5 ± 14.4 years. The most disturbances were related to knee, bottom and back of their body (37.6% and 28.2% respectively). There was a correlation between the work backward and pains of the body, and those with more work backward had more difficult knee pains (P = 0.005). Severe flexion in the worker's trunk was most difficult by using of obtained results from the PATH method (prevalance 57.8%). The prevalence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in workers of fig orchard is high, that indicate their environmental and working conditions, and inappropriate of their body postures are injurious, therefore corrective actions are necessary to improve of working postures

Continuous exposure to cold air is considered to be a hazardous agent in the workplace in cold seasons. This study aimed to determine the level of cold strain and relation with physiological responses in auto mechanic employees in cold seasons. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2017 on auto mechanic employees in Hamadan city. Physiological responses during daily activity were measured in accordance with ISO 9886 standard method. Based on the results of core and skin temperatures, cold strain index were determined. Sensorineural test to determine the level of numbness in the fingers of workers by monofilament kit was performed. Environmental parameters of air were measured simultaneously. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between cold stain index score with physiological responses such as heart rate (r=-0.39, p<0.05) and systolic blood pressure (r=-0.57, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.38, p<0.05). By reducing the temperature of dry air, a cold Strain Index value was also increasing(r=-0.93, p<0.05). The results showed that 62% of workers had numbness symptoms in fingers and there is a significant relationship between numbness of fingers with air temperature (r=0.74, p<0.01) and cold strain index(r=0.84, p<0.01). Cold strain index along with the acceptable reliability is indicated of physiological responses of workers exposed to cold. More than the half of workers with the numbness symptoms in fingers had affects their physical performance at work

Until now, attention has not been paid to the stressful effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance in university students. The present study aimed at construction and validation of student version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ-S) in a sample of Iranian university students. A sample of three hundred and seventy unpaid girl students, aged between 19 and 35 years old (21.37 ± 1.91 years), were selected through multiple cluster sampling from University of Mazandaran, Iran. All participants were asked to complete the ERIQ-S, the student version of Oldenburg Burn-Out Inventory (OLBI-S), and the Academic Justice Scale (AJS). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed five factors namely effort, esteem, security, promotion, and over-commitment (29 items) for ERIQ-S, which explained 60.79% of the effort-reward imbalance construct. The findings of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the factor structure of the ERIQ-S. The construct validity of ERIQ-S was also confirmed by the correlation coefficients between the sub-scales and the total score of the questionnaire. The convergent and divergent validity of the ERIQ-S were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the questionnaire and the measures of burn-out and academic justice. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores of the ERIQ-S and the scores of the OLBI-S and the AJS were statistically significant. The obtained internal consistency was markedly high (Cronbach’s α = .70 to .88). The test-retest reliability of the ERIQ-S was .83. The results suggest that the student version of ERIQ is a reliable and valid measure.